Description: Was the Renaissance a European achievement or a truly global phenomenon? International trade networks, finance, slavery, commodities, patronage, imperial conflict, and cultural exchange were all key elements of the European Renaissance. Further, other great civilizations in Asia, the Americas, and the Middle East simultaneously achieved cultural efflorescence in the years between 1400 and 1700. Was the result a truly global Renaissance, or the gilding on an age of internecine, imperial, and mercantile violence?